{"id":309,"date":"2017-03-02T16:51:10","date_gmt":"2017-03-02T15:51:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.tecnoplagas21.es\/blog\/?p=309"},"modified":"2017-03-02T16:51:10","modified_gmt":"2017-03-02T15:51:10","slug":"descubierta-una-nueva-toxina-fungica-con-potencial-para-el-control-sostenible-de-plagas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tecnoplagas21.es\/blog\/descubierta-una-nueva-toxina-fungica-con-potencial-para-el-control-sostenible-de-plagas\/","title":{"rendered":"DESCUBIERTA UNA NUEVA TOXINA F\u00daNGICA CON POTENCIAL PARA EL CONTROL SOSTENIBLE DE PLAGAS"},"content":{"rendered":"

La capacidad que tienen ciertos\u00a0microhongos de generar sustancias t\u00f3xicas es, desde el punto de vista del ser humano, un arma de doble filo. Si bien ciertas micotoxinas pueden contaminar y convertir en veneno cosechas enteras, otras nos ofrecen la posibilidad de deshacernos de las plagas de insectos y \u00e1caros. Investigadores en\u00a0Madrid han descubierto la anisoplina, una micotoxina con futuro como herramienta biotecnol\u00f3gica para el control de plagas.<\/p>\n

Hacia un control m\u00e1s sostenible de las plagas de insectos y \u00e1caros<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Su nombre es\u00a0Metarhizium anisopliae<\/em>\u00a0y es un hongo capaz de colonizar\u00a0insectos y \u00e1caros hasta provocarles la muerte. Se le puede encontrar en los\u00a0suelos o\u00a0adherido a raices de las plantas, a la espera de que llegue alg\u00fan insecto o \u00e1caro para parasitarlo.<\/p>\n

Su actividad insecticida y acaricida es conocida desde hace a\u00f1os y, de hecho, existen formulaciones comerciales que lo contienen para controlar plagas como las termitas, el \u00e1caro\u00a0Varroa destructor<\/em>\u00a0que ataca a las abejas o el mosquito\u00a0Anopheles gambiae<\/em>, responsable de la transmisi\u00f3n de la malaria.<\/p>\n

Investigadores de la\u00a0Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM) y de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) han profundizado en el conocimiento de c\u00f3mo act\u00faa este hongo para acabar con sus v\u00edctimas de seis y ocho patas, y hallado una micotoxina no conocida hasta ahora, producida por\u00a0Metarhizium anisopliae,\u00a0<\/em>que\u00a0ofrece nuevas posibilidades en el dise\u00f1o de herramientas biotecnol\u00f3gicas para el control de plagas.<\/p>\n

Esta sustancia, llamada anisoplina, es una prote\u00edna t\u00f3xica que pertenece al grupo de las ribotoxinas f\u00fangicas, son enzimas, es decir, que pueden actuar como catalizadores eficaces y selectivos de reacciones qu\u00edmicas muy concretas.<\/p>\n

Las ribotoxinas, que pueden ser producidas por hongos corrientes y, en principio, inofensivos, como los de los g\u00e9neros\u00a0Aspergillus<\/em>\u00a0y\u00a0Penicillium<\/em>, tienen car\u00e1cter citot\u00f3xico. Por una parte, las ribotoxinas son capaces de atravesar membranas lip\u00eddicas y entrar en las c\u00e9lulas y por otra son capaces de degradar el \u00e1cido\u00a0ribonucleico o RNA. Para ello, rompen un \u00fanico enlace del RNA de la c\u00e9lula, el ribosoma, que es el responsable de la bios\u00edntesis de prote\u00ednas, es decir matan a la c\u00e9lula anulando su capacidad para producir prote\u00ednas.<\/p>\n

Recientemente se ha descrito la\u00a0capacidad insecticida de las ribotoxinas y se ha demostrado que son especialmente eficaces frente a c\u00e9lulas y larvas de insecto.<\/p>\n

Por este motivo, el descubrimiento y la caracterizaci\u00f3n\u00a0de la anisoplina adquiere una relevancia particular, dado que\u00a0Metarhizium anisopliae<\/em>\u00a0es entomopat\u00f3geno, es decir, que su funci\u00f3n natural es infectar y matar insectos. Los autores del estudio consideran que la anisoplina abre la puerta a nuevas estrategias,\u00a0que enriquezcan las posibilidades del control integrado y ambientalmente sostenible de plagas.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Fuente:\u00a0Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La capacidad que tienen ciertos\u00a0microhongos de generar sustancias t\u00f3xicas es, desde el punto de vista del ser humano, un arma […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":311,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-309","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tratamientos"],"yoast_head":"\nDESCUBIERTA UNA NUEVA TOXINA F\u00daNGICA CON POTENCIAL PARA EL CONTROL SOSTENIBLE DE PLAGAS - 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